Evergreen Valley Avocado Estates — Pest & Disease Management Programme

Effective pest and disease management is crucial for maintaining orchard health, maximising marketable yield, and meeting the phytosanitary requirements of export markets. The company will implement an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach that minimises chemical inputs while maintaining effective crop protection.

Evergreen Valley Avocado Estates (Pty) Ltd Business Plan › Pest & Disease Management Programme

Section 24 · Business Plan

Pest & Disease Management Programme

Effective pest and disease management is crucial for maintaining orchard health, maximising marketable yield, and meeting the phytosanitary requirements of export markets. The company will implement an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach that minimises chemical inputs while maintaining effective crop protection.

Effective pest and disease management is crucial for maintaining orchard health, maximising marketable yield, and meeting the phytosanitary requirements of export markets. The company will implement an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach that minimises chemical inputs while maintaining effective crop protection.

24.1 Key Pests and Diseases

Pest / Disease Type Impact Management Approach
Phytophthora root rot Fungal Major – can cause tree death Resistant rootstocks; phosphonate injections; drainage management
Anthracnose Fungal High – post-harvest fruit rot Copper sprays; canopy management; timely harvesting
Cercospora spot Fungal Moderate – leaf and fruit damage Copper-based fungicides; orchard hygiene
Fruit fly (Mediterranean) Insect High – export rejection risk Sterile insect technique; bait stations; orchard monitoring
False codling moth Insect High – EU phytosanitary concern Mating disruption; monitoring traps; cold treatment
Heart rot / stem-end rot Fungal Moderate – quality downgrade Post-harvest temperature management; hygiene protocols
Thrips Insect Low-moderate – cosmetic damage Biological control agents; targeted spraying
Scale insects Insect Low – manageable Natural predators; horticultural oils

24.2 Integrated Pest Management Strategy

The IPM programme is structured around four pillars:

Prevention: Selection of disease-resistant
rootstocks (Dusa® and Duke 7), proper orchard drainage design, optimal
tree spacing for airflow, and strict orchard hygiene protocols to
prevent pathogen spread.
Monitoring: Weekly pest scouting by trained field
staff using standardised monitoring protocols. Pheromone traps for fruit
fly and false codling moth. Weather-based disease prediction models to
optimise spray timing.
Biological Control: Introduction and conservation of
natural predators and parasitoids. Use of entomopathogenic fungi for
soil-borne pest management. Habitat creation for beneficial insects
through biodiversity corridors.
Chemical Control: Targeted application of registered
crop protection products only when pest thresholds are exceeded. Strict
adherence to Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) for export markets. Rotation
of active ingredients to prevent resistance development.

24.3 Phytosanitary Compliance for Export

Export to the European Union requires compliance with stringent phytosanitary protocols, particularly regarding fruit fly and false codling moth. The company will implement the Phytosanitary Export Programme as prescribed by DALRRD and audited by the Perishable Products Export Control Board (PPECB). This includes registered orchard inspection protocols, cold treatment or systems approach certification, pre-shipment inspection and phytosanitary certification, and full traceability from orchard block to export pallet.

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