VeloraPay Technologies Business Plan — Financial plan & projections

Section 15 · 15 of 23

Financial plan & projections

This section presents the full five-year financial plan: the modelling philosophy and assumptions, the revenue build, and the three primary statements — projected profit and loss, balance sheet and cash flow — together with unit economics, capital structure and debt coverage. All figures are in South African Rand millions unless stated.

15.1 Modelling philosophy and assumptions

Sponsor operating targets — revenue, EBITDA, merchants and GPV — are preserved exactly as furnished. Everything below EBITDA has been independently re-derived by the analyst, so that the plan reflects the true, fully-loaded economics rather than a headline. Specifically, the model applies full depreciation of placed terminals and amortisation of capitalised software; the full cash cost of both the senior venture/DFI debt and the lending warehouse; and South African corporate tax at 27% with proper assessed-loss carry-forward. The three statements are fully articulated — the balance sheet ties to zero in every year — and the cash flow reconciles opening to closing cash.

Assumption

Basis

Corporate tax rate

27% (SA), with assessed-loss carry-forward

Software capitalisation

Amortised straight-line over 4 years

Placed-terminal capex

Depreciated straight-line over 3 years

Senior debt

R120m venture/DFI, 13.5%, interest-only to FY2028 then amortising

Lending warehouse

80% advance rate, 13.5% funding cost

Lending gross yield

34% on average book (short-tenor RBF)

Settlement float

~1.5 days of GPV held as merchant settlement payable

ECL provision

~7% of gross lending book held on balance sheet

15.2 Revenue build

Revenue compounds at roughly 137% per annum over the plan, driven by merchant-base and GPV growth rather than by pricing. The composition rotates from a payments-and-hardware mix towards payments-at-scale and embedded lending, as set out in Section 6.

Revenue stream (R’m)

FY2027

FY2028

FY2029

FY2030

FY2031

Payments (transaction)

21

58

160

362

728

Lending (Velora Capital)

3

13

51

142

322

Subscription (SaaS)

9

22

51

107

196

Device sales

9

18

32

50

56

VAS / API / insurance

4

10

26

50

98

Total revenue

45

120

320

710

1,400

Figure 15.1 Active merchant base driving volume-led revenue.
Figure 15.2 Gross payment volume processed.

15.3 Projected profit & loss

The income statement below carries the preserved revenue and EBITDA lines through to a fully-loaded net result. The key analytical message is the gap between EBITDA and net income in the ramp years: heavy platform amortisation and the cash cost of funding the lending book mean the business is not net-profitable until FY2030, two years after EBITDA turns positive.

R’m

FY2027

FY2028

FY2029

FY2030

FY2031

Revenue

45

120

320

710

1,400

EBITDA

(18)

12

78

210

510

Depreciation & amortisation

(28)

(52)

(84)

(115)

(135)

EBIT

(46)

(40)

(6)

95

375

Finance cost (debt + warehouse)

(17)

(20)

(32)

(56)

(108)

Profit before tax

(63)

(60)

(39)

39

267

Taxation (27%)

0

0

0

0

(39)

Net income

(63)

(60)

(39)

39

228

EBITDA margin

-40%

10%

24.4%

29.6%

36.4%

Net margin

-139%

-50.4%

-12.1%

5.5%

16.3%

Figure 15.3 EBITDA and EBITDA margin.
Figure 15.4 Path to profitability — EBITDA versus fully-loaded net income.

Key findingNet profitability lags EBITDA by two years on a fully-loaded basis

Headline EBITDA turns positive in FY2028, but modelled net income remains negative through FY2029 (–R63m, –R60m and –R39m in FY2027–FY2029) before reaching +R39m in FY2030 and +R228m in FY2031. The drivers are structural, not operational: front-loaded platform amortisation and the full cash cost of funding a fast-growing lending book, both of which sit below EBITDA. This is investment ahead of the revenue curve — but investors must fund the fully-loaded loss, not the EBITDA figure.

Figure 15.5 FY2031 earnings bridge — revenue to net income.

15.4 Projected balance sheet

The balance sheet is dominated over time by two assets — cash and the net lending book — and funded by equity, senior debt and the lending warehouse. It articulates fully and ties to zero in every year.

R’m

FY2027

FY2028

FY2029

FY2030

FY2031

Cash & equivalents

292

192

96

113

359

Lending book (net of ECL)

15

57

223

554

1,208

Trade & other receivables

4

10

26

57

112

Inventory (devices)

27

36

50

63

77

PPE & intangibles

73

105

131

156

196

Deferred tax asset

0

8

8

8

0

Total assets

409

409

533

951

1,951

Trade & other payables

5

12

32

71

140

Merchant settlement payable

5

21

62

156

337

Senior debt

120

120

80

40

0

Lending warehouse drawn

13

49

192

477

1,039

Share capital

330

330

330

330

330

Retained earnings

(63)

(123)

(162)

(123)

106

Total equity & liabilities

409

409

533

951

1,951

Figure 15.6 Balance-sheet asset composition.

15.5 Projected cash flow

The cash-flow statement shows the business consuming cash through the ramp years — funded by the raise — and reaching self-sustaining operating cash generation as EBITDA scales. Warehouse draws fund the lending-book growth within financing activities; the payments business itself becomes operating-cash-flow positive as it matures.

R’m

FY2027

FY2028

FY2029

FY2030

FY2031

Opening cash

0

292

200

105

121

Operating cash flow

(56)

(0)

77

243

544

Investing cash flow

(115)

(128)

(275)

(471)

(828)

Financing cash flow

463

37

102

245

522

Closing cash

292

192

96

113

359

Free cash flow (pre-financing)

(171)

(128)

(198)

(229)

(284)

Figure 15.7 Closing cash balance and liquidity runway.

NoteThe R450m raise is adequately sized — conditional on the warehouse

Modelled closing cash never falls below approximately R96 million (FY2029 trough), so the R450 million raise is sufficient to fund the growth plan to self-sustaining cash generation — provided the separate lending warehouse is in place to fund the book. If the warehouse is not secured and the book had to be funded from the raise, the plan would be unfundable. Warehouse close is therefore the single most important condition precedent.

15.6 Unit economics

The plan’s viability rests on healthy and improving merchant unit economics. Customer-acquisition cost falls as digital and referral channels scale, while lifetime value rises as merchants are cross-sold higher-margin software and credit. The resulting LTV-to-CAC ratio expands from a solid level to a strong one over the plan.

Metric

FY2027

FY2028

FY2029

FY2030

FY2031

CAC (R per merchant)

1,450

1,250

1,050

900

780

Gross profit / merchant (R)

3,262

2,480

2,347

2,227

1,988

Lifetime value (R)

13,048

9,920

9,388

8,908

7,952

LTV : CAC

9x

7.94x

8.94x

9.9x

10.19x

Merchant churn

22%

19%

16%

14%

12%

Gross margin

58%

62%

66%

69%

71%

Figure 15.8 Merchant unit economics — LTV, CAC and ratio.

15.7 Capital structure, funding & coverage

The R450 million raise comprises approximately R330 million of growth equity and R120 million of senior venture/DFI debt. Layered on top — and outside the headline — is the lending warehouse, which grows with the book. The total funded capital stack at FY2031 scale is therefore materially larger than the headline raise.

Figure 15.9 Total funded capital stack at FY2031 scale.

Debt-service coverage on the senior facility is thin in the early ramp and strengthens rapidly thereafter. The analyst flags a coverage shortfall in FY2028 that requires deliberate structuring.

Coverage metric

FY2027

FY2028

FY2029

FY2030

FY2031

CFADS (EBITDA – tax)

(18)

12

78

210

471

Senior debt service

16

16

56

51

45

Senior DSCR (x)

-1.11x

0.74x

1.39x

4.13x

10.37x

Figure 15.10 Senior debt-service coverage ratio against the 1.00x floor.

Analyst flagSenior debt-service coverage breaches 1.0x in FY2028 — structure accordingly

Modelled senior DSCR falls to 0.74x in FY2028, as EBITDA of R12m does not cover senior interest of ~R16m in the year the debt is still interest-only. This is a structuring issue, not a solvency one, and the mitigants are standard: a funded debt-service reserve account (DSRA) sized from the raise, an interest-only period extended through FY2028, and a PIK-toggle on the senior facility during the ramp. Coverage recovers to 1.4x in FY2029 and above 4x thereafter. Lenders should require the DSRA and PIK toggle as conditions of the facility.

15.8 Year-1 monthly phasing

Because the first year sets the trajectory for the entire plan, the FY2027 ramp is modelled monthly. Revenue builds through the year as the merchant base compounds and the first lending cohorts season; the funded loss is concentrated in the first three quarters before the exit-run-rate approaches breakeven.

Figure 15.11 FY2027 monthly merchant ramp and revenue phasing.

The monthly view underscores why committed (not merely pledged) tranche-1 equity is essential at close: the business is at its most cash-hungry in the first two quarters, before revenue and the platform are proven. Any gap in first-tranche funding in this window would be existential rather than merely inconvenient.