Premier Quality Kenya Dairy Business Plan — Appendix D: Risk Register

Detailed risk register scoring likelihood and impact across herd health, market, financial and operational risks with mitigations.

Appendix D: Risk Register

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Risk

Assessment

Mitigation and residual position

Feed cost inflation

High likelihood, high impact

The fodder block is the primary mitigation. Silage bunkers provide a dry season buffer. Cooperative feed mills, such as the Meru facility supplying members below market price, offer a further route where membership allows

Milk price decline

Moderate likelihood, high impact

Supply agreement with a cooperative or processor; quality investment to capture quality-based premiums; breeding stock revenue diversifies away from pure milk exposure

Disease outbreak

Moderate likelihood, severe impact

Routine vaccination against foot and mouth and lumpy skin disease, strict biosecurity, quarantine of incoming animals, veterinary retainer, and livestock insurance where available

Drought and forage failure

High likelihood over a five-year period

Conserved silage for at least four months, drought-tolerant Napier varieties, borehole irrigation of the fodder block, and a standing arrangement with a hay supplier

Yield underperformance

Moderate likelihood, high impact

Individual milk recording, monthly herd review, body condition scoring, and a culling discipline applied on evidence rather than sentiment

Debt service tightness in Years 3 and 4

High likelihood

Three-year principal grace, promoter support undertaking, and a documented trigger to defer Year 4 heifer purchases if coverage falls below 1.2 times

Breeding stock market softening

Moderate likelihood, moderate impact

Heifer sales are approximately 20% of Year 5 revenue. If the market softens, surplus heifers are retained to grow the milking herd instead — a slower but not fatal outcome

Key person dependence

Moderate likelihood

A trained herd manager in addition to the promoter, written standard operating procedures for milking and feeding, and cross-trained staff

D.1 Pre-committed trigger points

Point

Trigger

Committed response

First lactation

Average yield below 15 litres a cow a day

Independent nutritional and veterinary review before the Year 2 heifer purchase. Do not expand the herd until the cause is identified

End of Year 1

Feed above 70% of milk revenue

Re-cut the ration and audit the fodder block yield. The ratio must be below 60% for the enterprise to work

End of Year 2

Silage bunker below four months of cover entering the dry season

Buy hay forward immediately. A forage gap in a zero-grazing unit is a yield collapse, not an inconvenience

Any year

Debt service cover below 1.20 times

Defer the following year’s heifer purchase and approach the lender before the covenant is tested, not after

End of Year 3

EBITDA below break-even

Approach the lender for a restructuring before the grace period expires

Any year

Self-grown forage below 50% of requirement

Halt herd expansion. Below 35% the enterprise makes no money at any scale in this plan