Kalahari Grid Energy — ESG & Development Impact

The carbon-avoidance impact, the environmental programme, the social and economic development contribution and the governance underpinning Kalahari Grid.

Kalahari Grid Energy Business PlanSection 11 › ESG & Development Impact

Section 11 · Business Plan

ESG & Development Impact

The carbon-avoidance impact, the environmental programme, the social and economic development contribution and the governance underpinning Kalahari Grid.

11.1 Climate and development alignment

The portfolio is, by its nature, a climate-finance asset: at full
operation it avoids on the order of 8 million tonnes of CO₂ per year by
displacing coal-fired generation, directly advancing South Africa’s
Nationally Determined Contribution and just-energy-transition
commitments. It aligns squarely with IFC, DBSA, AfDB and climate-fund
mandates, and qualifies for concessional and blended-finance instruments
that can bridge the return gap identified in Section 7.

Figure 22
Figure 22 — Development impact: CO₂ avoided and jobs supported through the build-out

11.2 Social and economic development

  • Roughly 7,000 job-years across construction and operations at
    full build, with REIPPPP’s mandated economic-development, local-content
    (rising toward 45%) and community-ownership requirements
  • Community trusts and shared-ownership structures around each
    project, per REIPPPP socio-economic obligations
  • Skills development and local supplier development in solar, wind
    and BESS installation and O&M
  • Regional energy access and industrial enablement through SADC
    expansion and mining-load electrification

11.3 Environmental and governance

  • Environmental authorisation and biodiversity management for each
    site; avoidance of sensitive habitats and avifaunal impact
    (wind)
  • Water-light technologies (PV, wind) suited to a water-scarce
    country; responsible BESS end-of-life and recycling
  • IFC Performance Standards and Equator Principles compliance as
    the governance baseline for DFI financing
  • Independent environmental and social monitoring across the SPV
    portfolio; transparent reporting to lenders

11.4 B-BBEE, local content and just transition

REIPPPP embeds mandatory economic-development obligations that align
the portfolio with South Africa’s transformation and
just-energy-transition goals — and which are scored competitively in
bidding. The Company treats these as core to bankability and to
community consent, not as compliance overhead.

Dimension Commitment Basis
Black ownership ≥ 30% at project level; community trusts REIPPPP economic-development criteria
Local content Rising toward 45% (BW8 raised thresholds) Bid-window local-content requirements
Job creation ~7,000 job-years across build & operations Construction + O&M at 5 GW
Community ownership Community trusts around each project REIPPPP socio-economic obligations
Skills & SMME development Solar/wind/BESS installation & O&M training Enterprise & supplier development
Just transition Repurpose retiring-coal grid & workforce (Mpumalanga) IRP just-transition framework

These commitments strengthen the bid competitiveness of REIPPPP SPVs,
secure community support that reduces development risk, and satisfy the
ESG mandates of the DFI and climate-finance investors the plan targets —
reinforcing rather than competing with the commercial case.

Confidential — this business plan is provided to prospective investors and lenders for evaluation purposes only and may not be reproduced or distributed without the written consent of Kalahari Grid Energy (Pty) Ltd.