Sakhile Construction Business Plan — Unit Economics of a Contract

The economics of a single building contract: gross margin, preliminaries, site overhead and what actually falls to the bottom line.

Unit Economics of a Contract

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Unit economics of a representative Year 5 contract
Figure 11. Unit economics of a representative Year 5 contract.

Per contract, Year 5 basis

R

% of contract value

Contract value

2 888 889

100.0%

Materials

(1 080 389)

37.4%

Site labour

(634 167)

22.0%

Subcontractors

(446 222)

15.4%

Plant hire and site establishment

(187 889)

6.5%

Gross margin

540 222

18.7%

Overhead recovery

(344 722)

11.9%

Contribution

195 500

6.8%

Retention withheld on this contract

288 889

10.0%

8.1 What the numbers mean at bid stage

Question at bid stage

The number

Consequence

Can the business fund this contract?

Materials and labour for roughly 60 days, plus 10% retention for up to two years

A R2.9m contract needs roughly R500 000 of funding before the first certificate is paid

Does the rate recover the payment cycle?

R34 000 of financing on a public contract at 68 days

If it is not in the preliminaries it comes out of the R195 500 contribution

Does this contract move the grade?

Only if it is the largest completed in the class and registered on the Register of Projects

A contract at the top of the band is worth more than two at the middle

What is the downside if the estimate is wrong?

Three points of margin on this contract is R86 667

Nearly half the contribution, on a single estimating error

Is the guarantee capacity available?

5% to 10% of contract value committed for the duration

Committed capacity cannot be used for the next bid

The last two rows are the ones most often skipped. An estimating error of three percentage points on a single contract removes nearly half its contribution, and at eighteen contracts a year a systematic three-point error removes R1.56 million — considerably more than the Year 5 EBITDA of the entire business at plan margin less that error. Estimating discipline is not a back-office function in this sector; it is the business.